Explore cuticular protein families

Expression timing

6h- and 24h-attached tick

Defined function

Structural constituent of the attachment cement layer

Expression timing

E144h, N4-36-60h, N5-60-72h

Defined function

Egg production/embryo development

Expression timing

Peak around 1 d-old adult

Defined function

Control of cuticle thickness - resistance to acaricides, high temperature, and low humidity

Expression timing

6h- and 24h-attached tick

Defined function

Structural constituent of the attachment cement layer

Expression timing

Peak in E-72h

Defined function

Egg production/embryo development

Expression timing

10-day-old third instar

Defined function

Tolerance to drought

Expression timing

Late pupa (brown- and dark-eyed pupa) and early adult stage (1 d-old)

Defined function

Resistance to glyphosate and glyphosate isopropylamine

Expression timing

P3 >> P2, P4-5

Defined function

Elytron formation and antifungal role against Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae

Expression timing

L4-L5 and P0-2h

Defined function

Cuticle development, proper metamorphosis

Expression timing

L3>L2>L1>L4

Defined function

Control of cuticle thickness - resistance to indoxacarb

Expression timing

P3-P5 with peak in P4

Defined function

Elytron morphogenesis and mechanical properties

Expression timing

E144h, N4-48-60h, N5-72h

Defined function

Egg production/embryo development

Expression timing

6-8 day after pupation

Defined function

Wing scale's ridge morphogenesis

Expression timing

Upregulated during molting stages

Defined function

Multifunctional core building block in mandible formation

Expression timing

6-8 day after pupation

Defined function

Wing scale's microrib patterning and crossrib arrangement

Expression timing

6-8 day after pupation

Defined function

Wing scale's ridge spacing and junction between ridges and crossribs

Expression timing

-

Defined function

Control of cuticle thickness - resistance to insecticides

Expression timing

6h- and 24h-attached tick

Defined function

Structural constituent of the attachment cement layer

Expression timing

24h-attached tick

Defined function

Structural constituent of the attachment cement layer

Expression timing

6h-attached tick

Defined function

Structural constituent of the attachment cement layer

Expression timing

6h-attached tick

Defined function

Structural constituent of the attachment cement layer

Expression timing

E24h, E144h, N5-60h

Defined function

Endocuticle and exocuticle formation

Expression timing

Peak in L5 day2

Defined function

Larval body shape + visco-elasticity of cuticle through laminae arrangement

Expression timing

E144h, N4-0h, N4-48-60h, N5-0h, N5-72h, A-0h

Defined function

Egg production/embryo development, endocuticle formation

Expression timing

E144h, N4-0h, N4-48-60h, N5-0h, A-0-24h

Defined function

Egg production/embryo development, endocuticle formation

Expression timing

Peaks in L9 before pupariation

Defined function

Proper timing of larval-pupal development

Expression timing

E144h, N4-N5

Defined function

Endocuticle formation

Expression timing

weakly expressed during early embryogenesis

Defined function

Control of airway tube diameter, control of cuticle morphogenesis and larval size

Expression timing

Peaks in E5 and deutonymph DN2

Defined function

Cuticle formation, control of cuticle thickness

Expression timing

Late N5 - expression peaks before ecdysis

Defined function

Regulated during the moulting process

Expression timing

E144h, N4-36-60h, N5-72h

Defined function

Egg production/embryo development

Expression timing

N5

Defined function

Cuticle formation and molting

Expression timing

Late N5 - expression peaks before ecdysis

Defined function

Regulated during the moulting process

Expression timing

L3

Defined function

Heat acclimation

Expression timing

-

Defined function

Cuticle formation

Expression timing

-

Defined function

Innate immunity by participating in recognition of Escherichia coli

Expression timing

-

Defined function

-

Expression timing

Peak at the end of L4

Defined function

Component of epicuticle, probable involvement in cross-linking of proteins

Expression timing

L3

Defined function

Heat acclimation

Expression timing

cuticle of wing tissue at P5, P7 and P8, and in the trachea at P8

Defined function

Cuticle formation, adult wing trachea formation

Expression timing

-

Defined function

Cuticle formation

Expression timing

Late pupa

Defined function

Sperm dimorphism via dosage-sensitive regulation

Expression timing

Before (N5) and after molting

Defined function

Establishment of the mechanical properties of the mandible

Expression timing

Expression male larva > female larva, decrease in expression in early and late L5

Defined function

Histogenesis and midgut maintenance, resistance to BmCPV virus, maintain appetite, proper timing of larval developement

Expression timing

-

Defined function

-

Expression timing

Expression in P24 > expression in young adult (< 5h)

Defined function

Exocuticle formation

Expression timing

-

Defined function

Control of cuticle thickness - resistance to deltamethrin

Expression timing

-

Defined function

Control of cuticle thickness - resistance to insecticides

Expression timing

-

Defined function

-

Expression timing

-

Defined function

Control of cuticle thickness - resistance to insecticides

Expression timing

-

Defined function

Maintenance of the adult corneal lens?

Expression timing

-

Defined function

Control of cuticle thickness - resistance to insecticides

Expression timing

Expression in young adult (< 5h) > expression in P24

Defined function

Endocuticle formation

Expression timing

Late pupa, preceding the deposition of adult cuticle

Defined function

Cuticle formation

Expression timing

White pupa expression > 1d-old adult

Defined function

Control of cuticle thickness - resistance to deltamethrin

Expression timing

-

Defined function

Resistance to insecticides (deltamethrin, DDT, bendiocarb)

Expression timing

E144h, N4-36-60h, N5-60-72h, A-0h

Defined function

Endocuticle and exocuticle formation

Expression timing

Peak in late N6 (day-8)

Defined function

Control of endocuticle thickness - resistance to beta-cypermethrin

Expression timing

-

Defined function

Control of cuticle thickness - resistance to insecticides

Expression timing

-

Defined function

Resistance to deltamethrin

Expression timing

Cuticle expression > fat body expression

Defined function

Control of cuticle thickness - resistance to malathion

Expression timing

-

Defined function

Control of cuticle thickness - resistance to insecticides

Expression timing

Peak at 5 days after pupation

Defined function

Cross-linking and mechanical strength of cuticle

Expression timing

Larval stage postecdysis

Defined function

Body shape and coloration via synthesis of endocuticle

Expression timing

-

Defined function

Cuticle formation

Expression timing

-

Defined function

Cuticle formation

Expression timing

-

Defined function

Lens facet patterning

Expression timing

Localized in the cuticle assembly zone, present in the lamellate chitin-matrix

Defined function

Cuticle thickening and cuticle pore canal organization

Expression timing

Peaks at P2

Defined function

Control of chitin amounts and organization in the wing cuticle

Expression timing

Peaks at P3

Defined function

Procuticle thickening and shape of the wing

Expression timing

Mainly expressed in the pupa and adult

Defined function

Pupal-adult molting

Expression timing

-

Defined function

Larval-larval, larval-pupal, pupal-adult molting, and egg hatch

Expression timing

Mainly expressed in the pupa and adult

Defined function

Abdominal contraction and wing extension

Expression timing

-

Defined function

Adult eclosion

Expression timing

Early peak around E9h0-E9h12 and second peak around E12h0-E13h12

Defined function

Biosynthesis and structural integrity of pro-nymphal cuticle, control of cuticle thickness

Expression timing

stage 12 - stage 16

Defined function

Control tracheal tube elongation by ensuring chitin normal fibrillar structure

Expression timing

Early peak around E9h0-E9h12 and second peak around E12h0-E13h12

Defined function

Biosynthesis and structural integrity of pro-nymphal cuticle, laminar organization, control of cuticle thickness

Expression timing

stage 12 - stage 16

Defined function

Control tracheal tube elongation by ensuring chitin normal fibrillar structure

Expression timing

Very low expression in adult; two peaks prior to larval-pupal molt and prior to adult eclosion

Defined function

Cuticle melanization and waterproofing

Expression timing

Strongly expressed in eggs and L6, very low expression in pupa and adult

Defined function

Cuticle melanization and waterproofing

Expression timing

-

Defined function

Cuticle melanization and hardening, courtship behavior, body weight control, ovoposition

Expression timing

-

Defined function

Influences male mating success through sex comb melanization

Expression timing

Highest levels before molting

Defined function

Cuticular lipids transport, cuticle barrier against insecticides and the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae

Expression timing

-

Defined function

Defines cuticle elasticity

Expression timing

peaks in L3 and adult

Defined function

Cuticle morphogenesis and sclerotization

Expression timing

Strongly expressed in the pharate adult and newly emerged adult

Defined function

Melanin-mediated cuticle tanning, control of cuticle thickness

Expression timing

Strongly expressed in the pharate adult and newly emerged adult

Defined function

Melanin-mediated cuticle tanning, control of cuticle thickness

Expression timing

Isoform TcLac2A more abundant than TcLac2B

Defined function

Melanin-mediated cuticle tanning

Expression timing

Strongly expressed in the latter half of N4 and N5

Defined function

Cuticle pigmentation